Da sapere . La regione del Kurdistan … In tale dram-matico contesto la Cittadella è assurta, infatti, a simbolo di una popolazione che . Inoltre questa regione possiede materie prime minerarie, in particolare il petrolio, che è sfruttato da numerosi decenni. [70], Turkey has historically feared that a Kurdish state in Northern Iraq would encourage and support Kurdish separatists in the adjacent Turkish provinces, and have therefore historically strongly opposed Kurdish independence in Iraq. Iqlīm Kurdistān‎) by the Iraqi constitution, is located in the north of Iraq and constitutes the country's only autonomous region. Il progetto è [11], A partire dal 2015, lo Stato Islamico comincia a perdere terreno, e le offensive dell'esercito regolare e delle milizie a esso legate, unitamente ai raid aerei americani e alla pressione sul fronte siriano, portano alla riconquista irachena di diverse aree, incluse le città di Tikrit, Ramadi e Falluja. Notable companies active in Kurdistan include ExxonMobil, Total, Chevron, Talisman Energy, Genel Energy, Hunt Oil, Gulf Keystone Petroleum, and Marathon Oil. “Jihadisti minacciano di giustiziare 4.000 Yazidi”, I curdi dell’Iraq verso referendum per l’indipendenza, Kurdistan Region’s Uncertain Future; Leaping Toward Authoritarianism. The pashalics of Kirkook and Solimania also comprise part of Upper Curdistan. Il raggio dispari sta in alto. Un altro partito che alle elezioni parlamentari del 2014 ha conquistato notorietà è il partito Gorran (trad. [83] The mountainous zone along the borders with Iran and Turkey experiences dry summers, rainy and sometimes snowy winters, and damp springs, while to the south the climate progressively transitions toward semi-arid and desert zones. stân) is Persian for land. Il più grande lago della regione è il lago Dukan. Amid the withdrawal of Iraqi forces from three northern provinces, Kurdistan Region emerged in 1992 as an autonomous entity inside Iraq with its own local government and parliament. Islamic State bomb attack on Houthi rebel leaders in Yemen leaves 28 … In A Dictionary of Scripture Geography (published 1846), John Miles describes Upper and Lower Kurdistan as following: Modern Curdistan is of much greater extent than the ancient Assyria, and is composed of two parts the Upper and Lower. raq (ĭ-răk′, ĭ-räk′, ī-răk′) A country of southwest Asia. La regione del Kurdistan comprende la maggior parte del Kurdistan iracheno geografico, ma esclude le aree curde sotto il governo iracheno da quando l'autonomia curda venne istituita nel 1992 con le prime elezioni curde dopo la guerra del Golfo. (2013). Circa il nome ufficiale, la nuova Costituzione irachena parla di Regione del Kurdistan. La minoranza curda di Turchia, dopo il Trattato di Losanna, subì un processo di assimilazione alla cultura turca e una violenta repressione e negazione della propria identità etnica e culturale. [95] This act caused Baghdad to threaten to revoke Exxon's contract in its southern fields, most notably the West-Qurna Phase 1 project. The city of Piranshahr, center of Mokrian district, northwestern Iran, 19th-century map showing the location of the Kingdom of Corduene in 60 BCE, Kurdish independent kingdoms and autonomous principalities circa 1835. [78], The Kurds are a people of Indo-European origin. 30giorni.it. «Il pericolo che minaccia il Kurdistan iracheno non è l’Isis, è la crisi economica» ... Islam Shiga Religione Stati Uniti Australia Jackson Studi Obiettivi Di Ripresa Lets Go. La regione confina con l'Iran a Est, con la Turchia a Nord, con la Siria a Ovest. non vuole rinunciare alla sua antica tradi- Urmia, Van, as well as Zarivar Lake west of Marivan, and Lake Dukan near the city of Sulaymaniyah, are frequented by tourists.[94]. the fifth and largest is Kara Djiolan, with a capital of the same name. Administratively, the 20th century saw the establishment of the short-lived areas of the Kingdom of Kurdistan (1921–1924), Kurdistansky Uyezd i.e. Il parlamento della regione del Kurdistan si trova ad Erbil, che è la più grande città curda in Iraq, ma la costituzione curda dichiara che la contesa città di Kirkuk sia la capitale del Kurdistan. [81], According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, Kurdistan covers about 190,000 km² (or 73,000 square miles), and its chief towns are Diyarbakır (Amed), Bitlis (Bedlîs) and Van (Wan) in Turkey, Erbil (Hewlêr) and Sulaymaniyah in Iraq, and Kermanshah (Kirmanşan), Sanandaj (Sine), Ilam and Mahabad (Mehabad) in Iran. Il Progetto di Cooperazione del Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità”. In the 16th century, after prolonged wars, Kurdish-inhabited areas were split between the Safavid and Ottoman empires. Large part of water to the neighbor countries come from it. East and south east of Betlis is the principality of Julamerick, south west of it is the principality of Amadia. These rivers, which flow from heights of three to four thousand meters above sea level, are significant both as water sources and for the production of energy. On 28 June 2014 Hüseyin Çelik, a spokesman for the ruling AK party, made comments to the Financial Times indicating Turkey's readiness to accept an independent Kurdistan in northern Iraq. Il ... Nawrūz il capodanno zoroastriano, religione principale prima dell'islamizzazione. Esso, inoltre, è famoso per le sue continue guerre. [52] The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, who took more than 80 Turkish persons captive in Mosul during their offensive, is an enemy of Turkey, making Kurdistan useful for Turkey as a buffer state. Stamp. Kurds fighting in the Syrian Civil War were able to take control of large sections of northern Syria and establish self-governing regions in an Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, where they call for autonomy in a federal Syria after the war. [94], Kurdistan extends to Lake Urmia in Iran on the east. The word 'Kurdistan', which translates as 'Land of the Kurds', is first attested in 11th century Seljuk chronicles. Lingua e religione . Kurdistan iracheno. Islamic State crisis: Air strikes target Syria stronghold. [48][49], At the end of the First Gulf War, the Allies established a safe haven in northern Iraq. e Dahuk, e l'UPK che ha invece la propria base nei territori di Kirkūk e Sulaymaniyya. "region of Kurds") or Greater Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurdish people form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. 21, 1988–1989, p. 281, by Société des études armeniennes, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Published by Imprimerie nationale, P. Geuthner, 1989. During the meeting, the Prime Minister directed ministries to mobilise all resources to serve the people of Dhi Qar and to improve public services, including health, in the province. [21] According to the Kurdish historian Ismet Cherrif Vanly, Kurdistan means "Land of the Kurds". The Baathist regime of Saddam … ... Università di Roma nel Kurdistan Iracheno. [53], The incorporation into Turkey of the Kurdish-inhabited regions of eastern Anatolia was opposed by many Kurds, and has resulted in a long-running separatist conflict in which tens of thousands of lives have been lost. [98] Gas and associated gas reserves are in excess of 2,800 km3 (100×10^12 cu ft). Animals found in the region include the Syrian brown bear, wild boar, gray wolf, the golden jackal, Indian crested porcupine, the red fox, goitered gazelle, Eurasian otter, striped hyena, Persian fallow deer, long-eared hedgehog, onager, mangar and the Euphrates softshell turtle. Sometimes even the western regions of the Armenian Republic and Georgia are also included into this phantom land. We also thank the Vatican, which has done ... La libanizzazione, come accennato in … All were forcefully put down by the authorities. Una importante minoranza è quella religiosa yazida maggiormente presente nel territorio intorno a Sinjar nel Governatorato di Ninive e che ha il proprio luogo più sacro nella tomba dello Shaykh ʿAdī a Lālish a nord-est di Mosul. suffix -stān and an ethnonym, widely attested in the Near Eastern region and Central Asia, including the Indian subcontinent (cf. [14] While there were a large number of disparate Kurdish dynasties, emirates, principalities and chiefdoms established from the 8th to 19th centuries. The Kurdistan Region encompasses most of Iraqi Kurdistan but excludes the disputed territories of Northern Iraq, contested between the Kurdistan Regional Governmentand the central Iraqi government in Baghdad since Southern Kurdish autonomy … The Kurds, an ethnic group numbering around 30 million people, is widely recognized to be the largest stateless national group in the world. The US-led coalition against the Islamic State group carries out an air assault on its Raqqa stronghold in Syria. La prima lotta curda per l'autonomia (1923-1975), Insurrezione e prime elezioni (1975-1992), Istituzione autonomia, guerre e turbolenze politiche (1992-2009), ISIL e riavvicinamento con l'Iraq (dopo il 2014), Iraqi Kurdistan in Middle Eastern politics, The United States and the Kurds: case studies in United States engagement, Last Convoy of American Troops Leaves Iraq, Syrian Rebels Tied to Al Qaeda Play Key Role in War, Iraq’s Branch of Al Qaeda Merges With Syria Jihadists, Il califfo dell'Isis al-Baghdadi appare a Mosul,obbeditemi, Iraq, nuovi raid Usa su Isis. 9-10. A People Without A Home. Kurdistan is a region relatively rich in water, especially for countries in the Middle East region. N. Maxoudian, "Early Armenia as an Empire: The Career of Tigranes III, 95–55 BC". Hillman and A.J Legge, Published 2000, Oxford University Press. However, they were later driven out of Hazza by pagans, and settled in Tamanon, which according to Abdisho was in the land of the Kurds. Share. [60], In 1983, the Kurdish provinces were placed under martial law in response to the activities of the militant separatist organization the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). It is the oldest and first religion in Kurdistan. Turkish Kurdistan encompasses a large area of Eastern Anatolia Region and southeastern Anatolia of Turkey and it is home to an estimated 6 to 8 million Kurds. Various groups, among them the Guti, Hurrians, Mannai (Mannaeans), and Armenians, lived in this region in antiquity. Forse è proprio per questo che il popolo soprattutto i progressisti confondano ancora di più la religione con un qualcosa che gli voglia opprimere o renderli in qualche modo "schiavi" o repressi assieme al governo scellerato che magari a parole cerca IDDIO usandolo a dove gli fa comodo per giustificare magari anche le loro nefandezze. MINORANZE – Siriaci, armeni, turkmeni e arabi. However, following the chaos in Iraq after the US invasion, Turkey has increasingly worked with the autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government. p. 224. Il Kurdistan iracheno, ufficialmente Regione del Kurdistan, (in curdo: Herêma Kurdistanê), è un'entità federale autonoma nella parte settentrionale dell'Iraq che comprende i quattro governatorati a maggioranza curda di Dahuk (Dihok), Erbil (Hewlêr), Halabja (Helebce) e Sulaymaniyya (Silêmanî). [101], A typical Kurdish village in Hawraman, Kurdistan, Canyon in Rawanduz in northern Iraqi Kurdistan. Nel Kurdistan iracheno ed in quello siriano vi è una nutrita comunità di religione cristiana, di etnia assira. T. A. Sinclair, "Eastern Turkey, an Architectural and Archaeological Survey", 1989, volume 3, page 360. A major division of Kurdistan occurred in the aftermath of the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, and was formalized in the 1639 Treaty of Zuhab. A comprehensive history of these states and their relationship with their neighbors is given in the text of Sharafnama, written by Prince Sharaf al-Din Bitlisi in 1597. The Kurdistan Region (KRI; Kurdish: هەرێمی كوردستان ,Herêma Kurdistanê‎, Arabic: اقليم كوردستان‎ ) is an autonomous region in northern Iraq comprising the four Kurdish-majority governorates of Dohuk, Erbil, Halabja and Sulaymaniyah and bordering Iran, Syria and Turkey. [25] The region came under Persian rule during the reign of Cyrus the Great and Darius I. Iranian Kurdistan or Eastern Kurdistan (Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی کوردستان ,Rojhilatê Kurdistanê ‎) is an unofficial name for the parts of northwestern Iran with either a majority or sizable population of Kurds.Geographically, it includes the West Azerbaijan Province, Kurdistan Province, Kermanshah Province, Ilam Province and parts of Lorestan Province. Quando l'esercito iracheno si ritirò dalla maggior parte delle aree contese a metà del 2014 a causa dell'offensiva dell'ISIL nel nord dell'Iraq, le Peshmerga curde entrarono nelle aree e vi mantennero il controllo fino all'ottobre 2017.[3]. (They are also known as Sabians -- the root of which, sba, is Syriac for plunge or bathe -- in reference to the central place of baptism in their religious culture). in Turkey, 125,000 km² (48,000 sq. Kurdish Military > SK Peshmerga. Più del 95% degli iracheni è musulmano, diviso in sciiti (più del 60%), presenti perlopiù nelle zone centrali e meridionali, e sunniti, che popolano soprattutto il nord.Il paese ospita, inoltre, alcune città sante sciite, come An-Najaf e Karbala. ma del Kurdistan Iracheno. In November 2011, Exxon challenged the Iraqi central government's authority with the signing of oil and gas contracts for exploration rights to six parcels of land in Kurdistan, including one contract in the disputed territories, just east of the Kirkuk mega-field. di fratelli Fernandes. [71] The word 'Kurdistan', whether written or spoken, can still lead to detention and prosecution in Turkey. [8] Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the northwestern Zagros and the eastern Taurus mountain ranges. The major cities in this region are Qamishli (Kurdish: Qamişlo) and Al Hasakah (Kurdish: Hasakah). 2017 “La religione Yezida, storia e dottrina”. La bandiera … non vuole rinunciare alla sua antica tradi- While Kurdistan is … Religion is Islam, with a predominance of the Sunni current, but Christianity and Yazidism are well represented minorities. Alcuni, come il Pdki, hanno cercato il sostegno statunitense e israeliano nella loro battaglia contro Teheran, entrando in una nuova fase della lotta armata in Iran forse in rea- zione alla crescente presa del Pkk tra i curdi iraniani11 . I principali partiti presenti in Kurdistan sono il PDK, radicato nei governatorati di Arbil Share with: Link: Copy link. [90] Included in the region are Mount Judi and Ararat (both prominent in Kurdish folklore), Zagros, Qandil, Shingal, Mount Abdulaziz, Kurd Mountains, Jabal al-Akrad, Shaho, Gabar, Hamrin, and Nisir. Some historians have correlated a connection between Corduene with the modern names of Kurds and Kurdistan;[20][26][27] T. A. Sinclair dismissed this identification as false,[28] while a common association is asserted in the Columbia Encyclopedia. [68][69] Tens of thousands were killed in the violence and hundreds of thousands were forced to leave their homes. [24] The original Mannaean homeland was situated east and south of the Lake Urmia, roughly centered around modern-day Mahabad. Many high-level meeting have been held between Italy and Kurdistan Region. Allison, C. (2015). Much of the geographical and cultural region of Iraqi Kurdistan is part of the … The region includes Lake Van, the largest body of water in Turkey; the only lake in the Middle East with a larger surface is Lake Urmia – though not nearly as deep as Lake Van, which has a much larger volume. of sex, race, language or religion. Altre importanti minoranze sono rappresentate dagli assiri, dai turcomanni e dagli arabi. Nel 2008 Stati Uniti, principale forza d'occupazione straniera a seguito della seconda guerra del Golfo, e Iraq firmano un accordo sullo status delle forze armate nel quale si fissa il ritiro di tutte le truppe americane entro la fine del 2011. "[89] Mountains are regarded as sacred by the Kurds. Sono poi presenti yazidi, zoroastriani, yarsani, aleviti, ebrei, shabaki e mandei. La similarità con la bandiera italiana permette ai curdi abitanti nelle aree in cui è vietata, di approfittare dei vari eventi sportivi internazionali per esporre il nostro tricolore verticalmente con, nascosta dietro, una … [61] Many people who spoke, published, or sang in Kurdish were arrested and imprisoned. Il 25 settembre 2017 la popolazione curda è stata chiamata alle urne per decidere con un referendum se ottenere una completa indipendenza dall'Iraq[14]. [32] Other geographical references to the Kurds in Syriac sources appear in Zuqnin chronicle, writings of Michael the Syrian and Bar hebraeus. [12] Certain Kurdish nationalist organizations seek to create an independent nation state consisting of some or all of these areas with a Kurdish majority, while others campaign for greater autonomy within the existing national boundaries.[13]. [7], A partire dal 2012 l'Iraq, ed il Kurdistan con esso, subisce le ripercussioni della guerra civile siriana, essendoci un intenso scambio di guerriglieri fra i gruppi islamisti che operano nella Siria orientale e quelli che operano nell'Iraq occidentale (a maggioranza sunnita, dove è forte il risentimento verso il governo di Baghdad, dominato dagli sciiti). (Roma 16th March 2017). Fra essi, 3 sono sotto il controllo del governo regionale del Kurdistan. 4-set-2017 - Esplora la bacheca "Erbil Citadel" di su Pinterest. Corduene was situated to the east of Tigranocerta, that is, to the east and south of present-day Diyarbakır in south-eastern Turkey. La lingua ufficiale è l' arabo, mentre il curdo e altri dialetti sono diffusi tra le minoranze. No one relying upon a document drawn up in another language may prevail in a claim … Se fossero di meno, saremmo più uniti e più forti”, ci dice Salar, classe ’66, curdo di Silêmanî, città del Kurdistan iracheno. I Governatorati sotto diretto controllo del governo regionale del Kurdistan sono: I Governatorati rivendicati in tutto o in parte dal governo regionale del Kurdistan sono: Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 1 dic 2020 alle 22:17. [65][66][67] Food embargoes were placed on Kurdish villages and towns. Nel 2017, il tasso di disoccupazione è superiore al 20%, e il 30% della popolazione della regione del Kurdistan vive sotto la soglia di povertà. "region of Kurds")[5] or Greater Kurdistan[6] is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurdish people form a prominent majority population[7] and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. Syrian Kurdistan is located primarily in northern Syria, and covers the province of Al Hasakah and northern Raqqa Governorate, northern Aleppo Governorate and also Jabal al-Akrad (Mountain of the Kurds) region. The lowlands of southern Kurdistan are called lower Kurdistan. After 66 BC, it passed another 5 times between Rome and Persia. Kurdistan is one of the most mountainous regions in the world with a cold climate receiving annual precipitation adequate to sustain temperate forests and shrubs. Il 93% della popolazione curda ha votato sì per l'indipendenza del Kurdistan dall'Iraq[15]; molti stati tra cui lo stesso Iraq, Turchia, Stati Uniti e Iran sono però contrari all'indipendenza, solo Israele appoggia l'iniziativa curda. [46] After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the Allies contrived to split Kurdistan (as detailed in the ultimately unratified Treaty of Sèvres) among several countries, including Kurdistan, Armenia and others. Questi Governatorati sono chiamati parēzge in curdo. Hamit Bozarslan “The Kurdish Question: Can it be solved within Europe?”, The Edinburgh encyclopaedia, conducted by D. Brewster—Page 511, Original from Oxford University—published 1830, An Account of the State of Roman-Catholick Religion, Sir Richard Steele, Published 1715. BANDIERA – Un tricolore a bande orizzontali rossa bianca e verde, con un sole al centro. MONETA – Dinaro iracheno. Il Kurdistan iracheno è assai montuoso, con la sua principale eminenza che misura 3611 metri, il Chikah Dar. Iraq became a kingdom under a British mandate in 1921, achieved independence in 1932, and became a republic in 1958. the fourth is Jeezera ul Omar, a city on an island in the Tigris, and corresponding to the ancient Bezabde. Much of the region is typified by a continental climate – hot in the summer, cold in the winter. Al-Sheikhly, O.F. Iraqi Kurdistan largely escaped the privations of the last years of Saddam's rule and the chaos that followed his ouster in 2003, and built a parliamentary democracy with a growing economy. [74][75][76] As of 2015, Turkey is actively supporting the Al-Nusra,[77] but as of January 2017, Turkey's foreign ministry has said that Al-Nusra is a terrorist group and has acted accordingly. [54][55][56], In an attempt to deny their existence, the Turkish government categorized Kurds as "Mountain Turks" until 1991;[57][58][59] The words "Kurds", "Kurdistan", or "Kurdish" were officially banned by the Turkish government. Il governo regionale del Kurdistan dispone di una forza armata nota sotto la denominazione di "Guardie regionali curde" (Kurdish Regional Guards), chiamate anche Peshmerga, dotate di solo armamento leggero. For centuries they have been subjected to persecution and many of them have converted to Islam and Christianity. However, the reconquest of these areas by the forces of Kemal Atatürk (and other pressing issues) caused the Allies to accept the renegotiated Treaty of Lausanne (1923) and the borders of the modern Republic of Turkey, leaving the Kurds without a self-ruled region. in Iran, 65,000 km² (25,000 sq. They speak an Iranian language known as Kurdish, and comprise the majority of the population of the region – however, included therein are Arab, Armenian, Assyrian,[79] Azerbaijani, Jewish, Ossetian, Persian, and Turkish communities. Greater Kurdistan armed forces > Kurdish Military > SK Peshmerga. [31] According to Al-Muqaddasi and Yaqut al-Hamawi, Tamanon was located on the south-western or southern slopes of Mount Judi and south of Cizre. La regione confina con l'Iran a Est, con la Turchia a Nord, con la Siria a Ovest. The desert in the south is mostly steppe and would feature xeric plants such as palm trees, tamarix, date palm, fraxinus, poa, white wormwood and chenopodiaceae. In: The Middle East in London 11/4, pp. mi.) [29], Some of the ancient districts of Kurdistan and their corresponding modern names:[30], One of the earliest records of the phrase land of the Kurds is found in an Assyrian Christian document of late antiquity, describing the stories of Assyrian saints of the Middle East, such as Abdisho. Attualmente hanno all'attivo circa 200.000 soldati. Precipitation varies between 200 and 400 mm a year in the plains, and between 700 and 3,000 mm a year on the high plateau between mountain chains. [82] According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, Kurdistan covers around 190,000 km² (73,000 sq. [4] Tuttavia, la zona di interdizione al volo imposta dagli americani dal marzo 1991 in poi su gran parte del Kurdistan iracheno diede ai curdi la possibilità di sperimentare l'autogoverno e la regione autonoma venne di fatto istituita. The Cabinet held its weekly meeting on Tuesday under the chairmanship of Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi. È la storia di Azad e della sua famiglia, una famiglia curda nell'Iraq della seconda … I numerosi fiumi che fluiscono da tali montagne e bagnano la regione sono all'origine della fertilità del terreno e della sua lussureggiante vegetazione.