[59], The huge cost of developing the 747 and building the Everett factory meant that Boeing had to borrow heavily from a banking syndicate. [228] Both would feature an interior based on the 777. The following is a list of current commercial operators of the Boeing 747, and any of its variants. It is often called the Jumbo Jet or Queen of the Skies.The Boeing 747 is one of the easiest planes in the world to recognise. I'm doing a research project and am trying to find the fuel consumption of a Boeing 737 in gallons/hour or liters/hour in the various phases of flight. [248], Accidents due to design deficiencies included TWA Flight 800, where a 747-100 exploded in mid-air on July 17, 1996, probably due to sparking electricity wires inside the fuel tank;[249] this finding led the FAA to propose a rule requiring installation of an inerting system in the center fuel tank of most large aircraft that was adopted in July 2008, after years of research into solutions. One important test involved the evacuation of 560 volunteers from a cabin mock-up via the aircraft's emergency chutes. Características de combustível do Boeing 747. 1 el Aeropuerto de Barra , en Escocia , es el único aeropuerto del mundo con operaciones de tráfico de pasajeros construido sobre una playa ? The 747X did not make it beyond the drawing board, but the 747-400X being developed concurrently moved into production to become the 747-400ER.[232]. ", "Singapore Airlines Boeing 747-400 Fleet World's Largest. Orders 15 More of Boeing's 747-400s. [201] The type's first test flight occurred on March 20, 2011. [38] Developing the aircraft was such a technical and financial challenge that management was said to have "bet the company" when it started the project. Il existe quatre modèles de base de Boeing 747, appelés 747-100, 747-200, 747-300 et 747-400. [10] [30] The engine technology was thought to be capable of delivering double the power of the earlier turbojets while consuming one–third less fuel. Most -200Bs had an internally stretched upper deck, allowing for up to 16 passenger seats. Range with a full passenger load started at over 5,000 nmi (9,300 km) and increased to 6,000 nmi (11,000 km) with later engines. Boeing 747 orders and deliveries (cumulative, by year): Orders and deliveries through the end of November 2020, As of October 2020, the 747 has been involved in 166 aviation accidents and incidents,[245] including 63 accidents and hull losses[246] which resulted in 3746 fatalities. ", "Major Production Facilities – Everett, Washington. [174] A 747-400 loaded with 126,000 lbs of fuel flying 3,500 statute miles consumes an average of five gallons per mile. [92] Boeing was not able to attract enough interest to launch the aircraft. 939 km/h (507kt), *Overlapping production times like between the 747-400 and the 747-8 have been decided in favor of newer models. [159] Of these, 225 were -200B, 73 were -200F, 13 were -200C, 78 were -200M, and 4 were military. These included Krueger flaps running almost the entire length of the wings leading edge, as well as complex three-part slotted flaps along the trailing edge of the wing. The sweep also reduces the wingspan, allowing the 747 to use existing hangars. [123][124] This fifth engine mount point is also used by Virgin Orbit's LauncherOne program. Lawrence, Philip K. and David Weldon Thornton. The 747-400ERF entered service with Air France in October 2002, while the 747-400ER entered service with Qantas,[183] its sole customer, in November 2002. [22][60] The firm's debt exceeded $2 billion, with the $1.2 billion owed to the banks setting a record for all companies. [171] In July 2015, Pakistan International Airlines retired their final 747-300 after 30 years of service. [156][157], After launching the -200 with Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7 engines, on August 1, 1972 Boeing announced that it had reached an agreement with General Electric to certify the 747 with CF6-50 series engines to increase the aircraft's market potential. [97] However, in early 2004, Boeing announced tentative plans for the 747 Advanced that were eventually adopted. [194], Boeing announced a new 747 variant, the 747-8, on November 14, 2005. [153] The freighter model, the 747-200F, had a hinged nose cargo door and could be fitted with an optional side cargo door,[84] and had a capacity of 105 tons (95.3 tonnes) and an MTOW of up to 833,000 lb (378,000 kg). [11], In 1963, the United States Air Force started a series of study projects on a very large strategic transport aircraft. [92] The new variants would have cost more than US$5 billion to develop,[92] and interest was not sufficient to launch the program. The SP's flaps used a simplified single-slotted configuration. This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 06:54. It was shortened for the longer-range 747SP in 1976, and the 747-300 followed in 1983 with a stretched upper deck for up to 400 seats in three classes. [152], The 747-200B was the basic passenger version, with increased fuel capacity and more powerful engines; it entered service in February 1971. Il consumo dell’aereo incide sul prezzo del biglietto. [65] After the aircraft's introduction with Pan Am, other airlines that had bought the 747 to stay competitive began to put their own 747s into service. [190] The aircraft is certified to carry only essential crew and not passengers. [88], In 1991, a record-breaking 1,087 passengers were airlifted aboard a 747 to Israel as part of Operation Solomon. [51] This measure caused anxiety when these aircraft crashed, for example El Al Flight 1862 at Amsterdam in 1992 with 282 kilograms (622 lb) of uranium in the tailplane (horizontal stabilizer). The partial double-deck aircraft was designed with a raised cockpit so it could be converted to a freighter airplane by installing a front cargo door, as it was initially thought that it would eventually be superseded by supersonic transports. Os B767-200ER da VARIG foram os primeiros a serem entregues com motores General Electric CF6-80C2B2, de avançada tecnologia, grande eficiência e menor consumo de … Consumo di un Boeing 747: 4 litri ogni 180 kilometri a passeggero. In January 2004, Boeing and Cathay Pacific launched the Boeing 747-400 Special Freighter program,[184] later referred to as the Boeing Converted Freighter (BCF), to modify passenger 747-400s for cargo use. RELACIONADO Cygnus, el brasileño que quiere superar al … ", "How Bad Is Air Travel for the Environment? [247], Few crashes have been attributed to design flaws of the 747. [162], The 747-400 is an improved model with increased range. [200], The passenger version, named 747-8 Intercontinental or 747-8I, is designed to carry up to 467 passengers in a 3-class configuration and fly more than 8,000 nmi (15,000 km) at Mach 0.855. Four aircraft were delivered beginning in 2012. Lufthansa is the world's largest Boeing 747-8i operator. Em 1963 a Força Aérea Americana fez uma concorrência entre as fabricantes para um novo avião de grandes dimensões. The 747X Stretch would be extended to 263 ft (80.2 m) long, allowing it to carry 500 passengers over ranges of up to 7,800 nmi (9,000 mi, 14,500 km). ", "High-Lift Systems on Commercial Subsonic Airliners", "Everett and Renton react differently to Boeing. Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 20 dic 2020 alle 22:08. [100] As of 2011[update], most orders of the 747-8 have been for the freighter variant. Em 1943, sua história teve inicio quando foi criado pelo … The award-winning Vision Jet ushers in a new era in personal transportation where jet speed, jet comfort and jet convenience are accessible. [158], A total of 393 of the 747-200 versions had been built when production ended in 1991. Io sosterrò sempre il caro "capoccione" della Boeing, perché è un aereo unico e dalla linea assolutamente unica ed originale. On February 8, 2010, the 747-8 Freighter made its maiden flight. [141] The -200 was the first 747 to provide a choice of powerplant from the three major engine manufacturers. The -300 variant was previously designated 747SUD for stretched upper deck, then 747-200 SUD,[84] followed by 747EUD, before the 747-300 designation was used. La seconda vita del 747, Boeing 747 - History, Pictures, News, Livery, Boeing 747 Jumbo Jet - Aircraft History, Specification and Information, 747-100/200/300/SP AIRPLANE CHARACTERISTICS FOR AIRPORT PLANNING MAY 2011, 747-400 AIRPLANE CHARACTERISTICS FOR AIRPORT PLANNING MAY 2011, Boeing 747: design and development since 1969, 747: creating the world's first jumbo jet and other adventures from a life in aviation, AZAfleet - La Flotta Alitalia - Boeing 747, voci di aerei civili presenti su Wikipedia, salone internazionale dell'aeronautica e dello spazio di Parigi-Le Bourget, Aeroporto Internazionale di Washington-Dulles, Aeroporto Principessa Juliana di St. Maarten, Niru-ye Havayi-ye Artesh-e Jomhuri-ye Eslami-e Iran, 747 "Fleet's Age at Issue During Flight 800 Hearing. Referred to as the 747 Advanced prior to its launch, the 747-8 uses the same engine and cockpit technology as the 787, hence the use of the "8". [80] The shortened 747SP (special performance) with a longer range was also developed, and entered service in 1976. [137] JAL operated the -100BSR SUD with 563 seats on domestic routes until their retirement in the third quarter of 2006. [163] After being made standard on the 747-300, the SUD was offered as a retrofit, and as an option to earlier variants still in-production. [90] The 747 remained the heaviest commercial aircraft in regular service until the debut of the Antonov An-124 Ruslan in 1982; variants of the 747-400 surpassed the An-124's weight in 2000. The 747 is the basis for several government and military variants, like the VC-25 (call sign Air Force One) or the E-4 Emergency Airborne Command Post, and some experimental testbeds like the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft. [236], As of July 2019[update], there were 462 Boeing 747s in airline service, with Atlas Air and British Airways being the largest operators with 33 747-400s each. ", "The Paris Air Show in facts and figures. [41], Developing the 747 had been a major challenge, and building its assembly plant was also a huge undertaking. ", "Investigation of a Micro-Fighter / Airborne Aircraft Carrier Concept", "Supplementary Type Certificate ST01912LA Installation and removal of internal tanks, associated systems and support structure for the aerial dispersant of liquids", "Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy 308911 SOFIA Quick Facts", "Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)", "Boeing nets 57 new orders, including big VIP planes. Air Travel - Economy: 777-300 vs 747-400 - which more comfortable? [45] Tests also involved taxiing such a large aircraft. [297], Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era, American wide-body long–range commercial jet aircraft, For design details of a particular generation, see, Further developments and end of production, split numbers denote different limits depending on exit types installed, Mecham, M. "In review: 747, Creating the World's First Jumbo Jet and Other Adventures from a Life in Aviation. [23], Ultimately, the high-winged CX-HLS Boeing design was not used for the 747, although technologies developed for their bid had an influence. Difficulties included engine stalls caused by rapid throttle movements and distortion of the turbine casings after a short period of service. Young -400s are sold for 320 million yuan ($50 million) and Boeing stopped converting freighters, which used to cost nearly $30 million. The most powerful version, a V10 TDI engine, was used for an advertising stunt, where the car towed a Boeing 747 Jumbo Jet. [292][293] Appearing in over 300 film productions[294] the 747 is one of the most widely depicted civilian aircraft and is considered by many as one of the most iconic in film history. [226] However, airlines were not interested in the project and it was canceled in 1988 in favor of the 777. Optimizing readiness of the Chinook fleet around the globe is one of Boeing’s many missions. Thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC) is the fuel efficiency of an engine design with respect to thrust output. [151] The 747-200 was produced in passenger (-200B), freighter (-200F), convertible (-200C), and combi (-200M) versions. RELACIONADO Cygnus, el brasileño que quiere superar al Cessna 172, entra en … ", "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-258F 4X-AXG Amsterdam", "Aircraft and Space Craft, Boeing 747−121. It's premium value, delivered, for operators and passengers. 3 gasoline engines. The 747-8F made its maiden flight on February 8, 2010. 62 Photos. Boeing 747-346SR, JALways - Reso`cha AN0823944.jpg 1,200 × 799; 490 KB Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-765-0596-24, Lettland, deutsche Propagandatafel.jpg 800 × 508; 54 KB Carnival attraction of the Imperial county fair ppmsc00119u.jpg 2,802 × 3,797; 1.42 MB Its wings have a high sweep angle of 37.5 degrees for a fast, efficient cruise speed[27] of Mach 0.84 to 0.88, depending on the variant. Air Travel - Economy: 777-300 vs 747-400 - which more comfortable? ", "US 747s bow out with final Delta flight", "British Airways retires entire 747 fleet after travel downturn", "British Airways retires iconic Boeing 747 fleet – in pictures", "Final flight for British Airways' last two Heathrow-based Boeing 747 planes", "British Airways' last Heathrow-based 747s take off for final flights", "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-121 N656PA Karachi-Quaid-E-Azam International Airport", "United States Updates Global Positioning System Technology. [84] As on the -100, a stretched upper deck (SUD) modification was later offered. A sua corcunda na parte superior frontal da fuselagem faz com que seja uma das aeronaves mais reconhecíveis do mundo, [3] sendo também a primeira do género produzida em massa. )[29], One of the principal technologies that enabled an aircraft as large as the 747 to be drawn up was the high-bypass turbofan engine. Source: How much fuel does an international plane use for a trip? The basic plan is to … The 747-300 first flew on October 5, 1982, and the type's first delivery went to Swissair on March 23, 1983. In May 1964, airframe proposals arrived from Boeing, Douglas, General Dynamics, Lockheed, and Martin Marietta; engine proposals were submitted by General Electric, Curtiss-Wright, and Pratt & Whitney. Un Boeing 747 su una tratta da Milano a New York consuma circa: 63.000 litri; 12 litri ogni kilometro percorso; In un certo senso è … ", "Historic 747 reaches grim end in South Korea", James Bond Casino Royale modified Boeing 747-XXX on show ahead of movie première, “Swedish Hotel Fashioned From An Old Jumbo Jet”, "Malibu 'Wing House' made of 747 plane parts", "The wing house – a house made out of an old Boeing 747", https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing_747&oldid=117398445, Template Webarchive - collegamenti all'Internet Archive, Template Webarchive - collegamenti ad altri archivi, Voci con modulo citazione e parametro coautori, Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità, licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo. Boeing announced the 747-500X and -600X at the 1996 Farnborough Airshow. ... desenvolvida para o Boeing 777 e sendo o seu motor de lanzamento. [94] Though the 747X design was less costly than the 747-500X and -600X, it was criticized for not offering a sufficient advance from the existing 747-400. A total of 10 combi 747-200s were operated by KLM. The main gear are redundant so that landing can be performed on two opposing landing gears if the others are not functioning properly. The aircraft was to carry 295 passengers a range of 8,000 nmi (9,200 mi; 15,000 km). [109], On July 27, 2016, in its quarterly report to the Securities and Exchange Commission, Boeing discussed the potential termination of 747 production due to insufficient demand and market for the aircraft. Korean Air Lines Flight 007 was shot down by a Soviet fighter aircraft in 1983 after it had strayed into Soviet territory, causing US President Ronald Reagan to authorize the then-strictly military global positioning system (GPS) for civilian use. Just Planes Recommended for you. The company considered locations in about 50 cities,[39] and eventually decided to build the new plant some 30 miles (50 km) north of Seattle on a site adjoining a military base at Paine Field near Everett, Washington. ", "First 747-400 Boeing Converted Freighter Redelivered to Cathay Pacific. Thisdell, Dan and Seymour, Chris. [4] Initial competition came from the smaller trijet widebodies: the Lockheed L-1011 (introduced in 1972), Douglas DC-10 (1971) and later MD-11 (1990). El Boeing 747-100B es un modelo desarrollado a partir del -100SR, usando su estructura y tren de aterrizaje reforzados, e incrementando la capacidad de combustible hasta los 182000 litros, permitiendo al Boeing 747 – 100B tener un alcance de 9300km en una configuración de 452 pasajeros, y con un peso máximo en despegue del 747-100B es de 340000kgs [42] To level the site, more than four million cubic yards (three million cubic meters) of earth had to be moved. [84] Union de Transports Aériens (UTA) also had two aircraft converted. [239], As the IATA forecast an increase in air freight from 4% to 5% in 2018 fuelled by booming trade for time-sensitive goods, from smartphones to fresh flowers, demand for freighters is strong while passenger 747s are phased out. Rolls-Royce followed 747 engine production with a launch order from British Airways for four aircraft. Although the C-141 Starlifter was being introduced, officials believed that a much larger and more capable aircraft was needed, especially to carry cargo that would not fit in any existing aircraft. [155], The combi aircraft model, the 747-200M, could carry freight in the rear section of the main deck via a side cargo door. Pertanto volare in Europa, in proporzione, costa di più che volare dall’Italia all’America, per esempio. A total of twenty -100BSRs were produced for ANA and JAL. [93] In 2000, Boeing offered the more modest 747X and 747X stretch derivatives as alternatives to the Airbus A3XX. During the ceremonial 747 contract-signing banquet in Seattle on Boeing's 50th Anniversary, Juan Trippe predicted that the 747 would be "…a great weapon for peace, competing with intercontinental missiles for mankind's destiny". ", "FAA Registry: Aircraft Inquiry: N-481EV", GE AVIATION DONATES 747-100 TESTBED TO MUSEUM, "Historic Aircraft Lands at Air and Space Museum. The heavier 747-400 with improved RB-211 and CF6 versions, along with the PW4000 (the JT9D successor), and a two-crew glass cockpit, was introduced in 1989 and is the most common variant. Originally flown commercially by Pan Am as N747PA, Clipper Juan T. Trippe, and repaired for service following a tailstrike, it stayed with the airline until its bankruptcy. [80] Minor aerodynamic changes allowed the -300's cruise speed to reach Mach 0.85 compared with Mach 0.84 on the -200 and -100 models, while retaining the same takeoff weight. During the 1970s and 1980s, over 30 regularly scheduled 747s could often be seen at John F. Kennedy International Airport. Debuting in 1978, the -100BSR also incorporated structural modifications for a high cycle-to-flying hour ratio; a related standard -100B model debuted in 1979. La capacidad está calculada en galones, pero al planear el consumo de combustible el cálculo se hace en libras. [80], Swissair placed the first order for the 747-300 on June 11, 1980. The 747SP is 48 feet 4 inches (14.73 m) shorter than the 747-100. [162], The 747-300 features a 23-foot-4-inch-longer (7.11 m) upper deck than the -200. [11] There have been several hijackings of Boeing 747s, such as Pan Am Flight 73 where a Boeing 747-121 was hijacked by four terrorists and resulted in 20 deaths. In 1965, Joe Sutter was transferred from Boeing's 737 development team to manage the design studies for the new airliner, already assigned the model number 747. [27] In early models it was not clear what to do with the small space in the pod behind the cockpit, and this was initially specified as a "lounge" area with no permanent seating. The "stretched upper deck" became available as an alternative on the 747-100B variant and later as standard beginning on the 747−300. Other changes included adding more powerful engines and increasing the number of tires from two to four on the nose landing gear and from 16 to 20 on the main landing gear. Aviation Photo #0631579: Boeing 747-131 - Trans World Airlines - TWA One of the Best Color Schemes ever. ", "Boeing: Commercial Airplanes - 747 Fun Facts", "Japan Airlines To Receive 100th Boeing 747 Aircraft. [149][150], While the 747-100 powered by Pratt & Whitney JT9D-3A engines offered enough payload and range for medium-haul operations, it was marginal for long-haul route sectors. [145] Power was provided by Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7(A/F/J/FW) or Rolls-Royce RB211-524 engines. [172] As of July 2019[update], only two 747-300s remain in commercial service, with Mahan Air (1) and TransAVIAexport Airlines (1). LOL -…” [27] The upper deck behind the cockpit provides space for a lounge and/or extra seating. Ambos combustibles, el Jet A y el Jet A-1 pesan 6.84 libras por cada galón. Dentro del complejo panorama para la industria por el COVID-19, las aerolíneas Qantas y KLM retiran anticipadamente sus Boeing 747. The 747 remained the largest passenger airliner in service until the Airbus A380 began airline service in 2007. [250] El Al Flight 1862 crashed after the fuse pins for an engine broke off shortly after take-off due to metal fatigue. Maintaining the same 747 handling characteristics would be important to minimize pilot retraining. A Boeing acabou perdendo a concorrência, mas usou o modelo para fabricar uma aeronaves que o presidente da Pan Am insistia que a Boeing fizesse. [161] As of July 2019[update], five 747-200s remain in service as freighters. On Sept… The first flight took place on February 9, 1969 and the 747 was certified in December of that year. [12], The airframe proposals shared a number of features. [229] A new flight deck based on the 777's would be used. The Boeing 747 is a large, long–range wide-body airliner and cargo aircraft manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in the United States. [272][273], A former Pakistan International Airlines 747-300 was converted into a restaurant by Pakistan's Airports Security Force in 2017. [89] Generally, the 747-400 held between 416 and 524 passengers. The upper deck was stretched more on the 747−8. [80][170] While some -300 customers continued operating the type, several large carriers replaced their 747-300s with 747-400s. Overall, the 747 trijet would have had more payload, range, and passenger capacity than both of them. [61] When economic problems in the US and other countries after the 1973 oil crisis led to reduced passenger traffic, several airlines found they did not have enough passengers to fly the 747 economically, and they replaced them with the smaller and recently introduced McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and Lockheed L-1011 TriStar trijet wide bodies[73] (and later the 767 and A300/A310 twinjets). Il 747-8F è la versione cargo dell'ultima generazione del leggendario Boeing 747. The 747-200 soon followed, with its launch in 1968. El Boeing 747, comúnmente apodado «Jumbo», es un avión comercial transcontinental de fuselaje ancho fabricado por Boeing.Es conocido por su gran tamaño (fue el mayor avión de pasajeros durante más de cuatro décadas hasta que la compañía Airbus creó el A380), [6] y está entre los aviones más famosos del mundo. The -100BSR first flew on November 3, 1978, with first delivery to All Nippon Airways (ANA) on December 21, 1978. [168] In 1985, just two years after the -300 entered service, the type was superseded by the announcement of the more advanced 747−400. Fuselage sections were eliminated fore and aft of the wing, and the center section of the fuselage was redesigned to fit mating fuselage sections. [224] The derivative would use more efficient unducted fan (UDF) engines (propfans) made by General Electric, be stretched (including the upper deck section) to a capacity of 500 seats, have a new wing to reduce drag, cruise at a faster speed to reduce flight times, and have a range of at least 8,700 nmi (16,000 km), which would allow airlines to fly nonstop between London, England and Sydney, Australia.[225]. [40] It bought the 780-acre (320 ha) site in June 1966. "B741" for all -100 models). Development cost soared, and production delays occurred as new technologies were incorporated at the request of airlines. It depends….. On where in the flight envelop that 787–900 is flying. Passeggeri trasportati: 500 persone (100 volte di più rispetto un’automobile) Velocità: 900km/h. [141] The last 747-100B, EP-IAM was retired by Iran Air in 2014, the last commercial operator of the 747-100 and -100B. [142], The development of the 747SP stemmed from a joint request between Pan American World Airways and Iran Air, who were looking for a high-capacity airliner with enough range to cover Pan Am's New York–Middle Eastern routes and Iran Air's planned Tehran–New York route. ", "Everett and Renton react differently to Boeing. [1], As Boeing did not have a plant large enough to assemble the giant airliner, they chose to build a new plant.